Author's Journal: Plotting Your Story


Some of the earliest historical novels were built around accounts of wars. These were delivered in a chronological order. You may want to test the plotting of your story first by outlining major events in a chronological form. If conflict is involved, you’ll probably find it’s worthwhile to outline the events of two conflicting characters separately. Each person has separate objectives and suspense builds if the reader sees and anticipates the clash of two characters. That’s when you’ll begin to see the need for several outlines built around a single chronology. When these are woven together, you get the warp and woof of your story. You have successfully “layered” your story. These chronologies employ much of your research. You must be organized, for you’ll likely rewrite these chronologies many times.

A book develops, over time, a complex and more nuanced account of your characters and their responses to various challenges. This is also an important moment to look for the scene which represents the outcome of your story. Does the main character face a moral dilemma? Is it serious enough to worry the reader – and will the finish be happy or sad? Is the story a battle between two individuals, “man against man”, or man against nature, or some other conflict? How will your resources contribute and how will your drafts progress and reflect the work of careful organization?

Author's Journal: Websites As A Research Resource


I mention websites last in my list of resources because they are the most unreliable. Some sites are genuine to the same degree some books are reliable. Once you’ve gathered all the other information possible, it’s much easier to discern what you can trust. Otherwise, I’d suggest that you find one or two other sources which confirm the information to be found at that site. Where did the information come from? Was it found in letters which are established facts from records of an Army fort or an institution of some note? Did someone in authority by-pass regulations or established practice? I found this to be the case in one vital piece of evidence in my story. My character had to ask for a closed hearing to settle a matter when a general gave a private posse authorization to use federal arms against citizens who purchased stolen property. Such instances are rare, often hidden, but ultimately accessible if you are diligent in research.


More often than not, you will find that myth violates and taints facts in website research. Exaggeration and bluff were so much a part of the era I studied that I could scarcely separate truth and fantasy. Another well-known writer of my same era wrote a nonfiction account which passed as fact and misleads the reader by a long shot on his character. That character has been treated heroically for over a century and was actually a very simple and flawed individual. People often believe what they want because they need heroes. The frontier era in America is its heroic past. It is when a simple man, uneducated, somewhat frail, could go into a wilderness alone and make friends with savages and survive. This is the hero today’s average man and woman idealizes.

Mary Bernard Aguirre

Mary Bernard Aguirre whose husband's wagon train took Steve Elkins to NM was the daughter of Elkins' mentor, Joab Bernard. Bernard had a famous supply house in Kansas City which sold provisions to the wagon trains as they left for the west on the Santa Fe Trail.

1864, “THE MOWRY SILVER MINING COMPANY” BOND


“THE MOWRY SILVER MINING COMPANY” BOND “Few men did more for Arizona during its early history than Sylvester Mowry”

This $1,000 Mortgage Bond was issued to William Tell Coleman (1824-1893), a prominent and early resident of San Francisco where he became a successful shipping merchant, running a Steamship Line to New York. 



The Mowry Massacres


Also known as the Mowry Murders, were a series of Apache attacks in and around the mining town of Mowry, Arizona between 1863 and 1865. At least sixteen American settlers were killed during the period.




The former United States Army lieutenant, Sylvester Mowry, purchased the Patagonia mine in 1860 from a party of Mexicans. Soon after, Mowry began operating the mine and attracted miners to the area for work. The Chiricahua and other Apache bands were also attracted though, and they considered the Santa Rita Mountains to be sacred ground and they defended it accordingly by raiding and ambushing settlers. As the American Civil War began, United States Army troops were withdrawn from the frontier of Arizona to fight the Confederates in the South. This left the settlers unprotected and vulnerable to attack, even after Union troops from California arrived.

A grave along the trail to Mowry, a victim of an Apache ambush.



Offices and headquarters of the Mowry Mine in southwestern AZ.

The Mowry Mine in 1862 was famous in the east because Sylvester Mowry appeared in Congress more than once appealing for AZ to be made a state. 

His mine produced a large amount of silver coin and easterners were told about it in a number of newspapers. (He was a graduate of West Point and a former Union officer who had been based in Yuma before buying the mine and developing into one with a smelter.) 


Native Americans by Edward Curtis

In over 2000 photoengrave plates and narrative, Curtis portrayed the traditional customs and life ways of eighty Indian tribes. The twenty volumes, each with an accompanying portfolio, are organized by tribes and culture areas encompassing the Great Plains, Great Basin, Plateau Region, Southwest, California, Pacific Northwest, and Alaska. 


I recognized several of the locations, shots taken at and near Canyon de Chelly where they lived among the crevasses in the cliffs. I also saw some Pueblo Indian shots. However, most of the ones around the lakes were taken in the northeast.









http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/ienhtml/curthome.html

William Quantrill

William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War. After leading a Confederate bushwhacker unit along the Missouri-Kansas border in the early 1860s, which included the infamous raid and sacking of Lawrence, Kansas in 1863, Quantrill eventually ended up in Kentucky where he was mortally wounded in a Union ambush in May 1865, aged 27.

YANKEE GOLD PROLOGUE - Part Two



Several skirmishes, and an execution of ten Confederates by Colonel Joseph Porter’s men in retaliation, occurred in the autumn months. In late October, Quantrill’s band robbed a mail coach and a Union cavalry pursued them, but the outlaws escaped. By early November Quantrill was invited to join a Confederate raid, but the Rebels didn’t fulfill their part of the bargain. Caught in the middle of town without a backup, the guerrillas set the town afire. Disgusted with such disloyalty, Quantrill determined to take his men to Arkansas and the Cherokee nation where they would feel safe. Shortly afterward Quantrill left for Richmond to spend the winter. In the Border District there seemed to be a hiatus, a lull in the continuous pillage and slaughter.
Federal troops worried over the general disloyalty of local citizens. The concern was so great that in January Colonel William Penick, determined to end the activities of spies, arrested and imprisoned a number of women suspected of spying. He would hold them as hostages to free his own men from the outlaws. In early June, Major General John Schofield made the Border District a formal unit under a new commander. It consisted of “the state of Kansas north of the 38th parallel and the two western tiers of counties of Missouri north of the same parallel and south of the Missouri,” Schofield announced. Senator James Lane of Kansas urged the assignment of Thomas Ewing as general of the new district. Despite Ewing’s distaste for Senator Lane, he accepted the appointment.
In the early spring months of the year, Quantrill and his men were not a troublesome presence. However, an action by one of the former bushwhackers set off a new pursuit by Union soldiers. Steve was once more called into service. It was May 15 when he was pressed to locate a guerrilla band under the leadership of one Dick Yeager. Yeager and his men attacked a stage station and general store at Diamond Springs near Council Grove. They killed the proprietor and wounded his wife. It was the beginning of a renewed turbulence. Steve was sought to find the Yeager band. In doing so, he discovered that many disparate bands under minor leaders were assembling. He provided information on the location and objects of each.
During this period of random targets and casual leadership of small bands, Quantrill set about reconnoitering Lawrence, Kansas. It was the center of the abolitionist movement and the home of the Underground Railroad. Quantrill planned to call the disorganized bands together and suggest a major attack which would unite them all. On the tenth of August Quantrill’s own officers and the leaders of other bands met at his camp at Blue Creek near the Lafayette County, Missouri line. A council was formed and the men offered their arguments concerning the risks of such a strike. Senator James Lane had himself raided many homes along Missouri’s border and Lane lived in Lawrence. The group was finally persuaded and the council voted unanimously to proceed.
While provisions were drawn, word got out that a sack was planned for Lawrence in mid-August. General Ewing dispatched an infantry company, but when no one arrived on the expected date, and Quantrill couldn’t be found, he withdrew his troops.
On August 13 Steve was on assignment, still in search of Quantrill, when his youngest brother, Sam, brought information. Sam found him at a known safe house in Jackson County.
“Come home at once!” Sam called out to him. “There’s been a catastrophe at the women’s prison! The building collapsed and many people have been killed. At least five of the guerrillas’ relatives are dead. Five or more others are seriously wounded. Other prisoners are dead as well,” he explained as they rode toward home. “Cole’s cousin died. So did one Anderson sister. Two other Anderson sisters were severely injured. John McCorkle’s sister-in-law was killed, but his sister Nannie escaped.”
Cole and the guerrillas would surely be enraged and bound to take grievous action. Back in town, he left for Cole’s home at once. Mrs. Younger had been in Kansas City since her family’s Cass County farmhouse had been burned by Captain Walley’s men. At least two of Cole’s brothers were with her.
Sam told him, “Mother’s resting. The doctor gave her medicine to relax her. You need to see Major Plumb. He’s been fighting off a riot threatening the Union post.”
Steve left for Union headquarters located near the Kansas City waterfront, some two miles distant. There had been five days of heat so penetrating that the riverboats were stuck in the harbor. Even the usual beggar dogs were in hiding.

###

Steve found Plumb at the Grand Avenue prison site where he was directing soldiers in the removal of debris. The last of the injured and dead bodies had been taken away. Plumb walked among the bereaved and angry offering sympathy and placating those with reproach and bitter repudiation. Even Union loyalists stood fast by their outraged Rebel friends. More than a thousand onlookers stood in the adjacent streets.
On the way back to the post, Steve asked, “How did the building fail?”
“There were countless people undermining the structure for months, some to bring provisions to the prisoners, some to tryst with the women of ill-fame in the basement. It’s said the guards cut holes in the walls to give access to the women below. There were other points weakened in attempts to escape,” Plumb explained.
Four days later, after relentless efforts to appease angry citizens over the terrible loss of life at the prison, a message arrived that General Ewing, with General Schofield’s approval, issued an order that all citizens giving harbor or support to the guerrillas would be removed from the district and the state of Missouri. It was briefly stated what they would be allowed to take with them. Ewing remained at Fort Leavenworth and the next day reports began to surface from a few telegraphs received at rural headquarters. Quantrill’s men were seen in the night crossing the river from Kansas with a force of 450 men.
The crossing of guerrillas into Kansas took place in the night, but messages and telegrams did not begin until morning’s light. When Plumb finally got word, he assembled a cavalry to give chase, but so few men were found at the Kansas City post that his pursuit was nearly ineffective. He notified Steve to stay and man the telegraph station. Steve would try to gather reinforcements by wire to meet Plumb from other posts along the route.
General Ewing took pursuit as well, although his notification from Plumb had been delayed. The next day it was learned the Lawrence raid killed over 150 men. In total the dead, some few raiders included, would eventually number nearly 200. The women were left unharmed, but the town was sacked and burned, the bushwhackers taking whatever they could carry.
The guerrillas escaped, and on August 28 spies reported that they were safely in Johnson County. On September 2, General Ewing, at the behest of Senator Lane, signed Order #11. Senator Lane threatened, “You are a dead dog if you fail to issue that order!” The order forced thousands from their homes in three counties and a portion of another. Steve and Major Plumb, Ewing’s adjutant, witnessed the signing of Ewing’s order. Afterward, the fields surrounding those homes were burned and many residents sought shelter as far as Arkansas and Texas.

###

Steve had received his law license the previous winter, but despaired of searching for work in an attorney’s office. Business and trade stood at a standstill. Disheartened, he visited Pap’s saloon. He normally avoided the place, was ashamed of it. But since his father had learned of it, he felt obligated to overcome his aversion.
Sid Smoot, who managed the place in his father’s absence, greeted him enthusiastically. They talked for some time about his teaching assignment, the war, and his new license to practice law.
“A visitor was here who asked where she could find you,” Sid told him. “I promised to let her know when you came home.”
“Who’s that, Sid?”
Sid smiled conspiratorially. “Mary Bernard,” he answered. “She was here yesterday.”
“Oh.” Steve laughed. “The Bernards have long been family friends.”
“Perhaps so, but your Pap always said she had designs on you.”
“Mary is a good friend and a great sport,” Steve added.
“At any rate, she’s newly married and needs a lawyer it seems.”
He stared at Sid for a long moment. “You don’t say. How so? She must be the only person in Kansas City who would look for a greenhorn lawyer like me!”
“I always say, ‘Never look a gift horse in the mouth.’”
Steve made small talk with Sid for a short time to conceal his intention of finding Mary right away. He then left for Mary’s home, recalling that several people had told him of the Bernards’ generous hospitality to soldiers and civilians of both sides. Located in the midst of the city, their services must be called on frequently.
The door to the house opened as soon as he reached the gate. Mary ran up the walk to greet him.
“Steve, I’m so glad to see you. You must have gotten my message.” She hugged him warmly.
“I did indeed. I’ve just left Sid, in fact.”
“What’s happened to you? You’ve been hurt.” She took him by the hand as they walked inside.
He made light of his latest injuries. He gave a brief summary of his time the year before at Lone Jack, reporting only a whitewash of what he’d encountered there. She listened soberly, but they soon turned the conversation to her.
“I guess Sid told you I’ve been married. If you stay for just a while you can meet Epifanio. He’s taking care of some business. Right now, I’d like you to see Pedro, our new baby.” She led him excitedly toward the nursery. “Epifanio trades and purchases at Papa’s store. That’s how we met. He’s a freighter for his father’s silver mines and other interests,” she explained.
The child was asleep in his crib and after Steve expressed admiration and approval, they returned to the sitting room.
“It seems only yesterday when we were in normal school,” he said.
“Yes. It’s hard to believe so much has changed. War, marriage, a baby -- and now you are a lawyer, I understand.”
“Only since last winter,” he added.
“That will do for what Papa has in mind, if you’re interested.”
“Of course I am.”
“Papa arranged to travel to New Mexico with Epi’s wagon train when we go home next week. He was to meet Epi’s father and Michael Steck, his partners in an important mine there,” she explained. “Papa has a license to record mines and they’re selling shares to the government. Only now, Papa’s taken ill and is in the hospital. The doctor won’t let him go.”
“What can I do? I don’t really know anything about mining.”
“Papa says for you to come see him. He’ll explain what you need to do. You’re a lawyer now and he’ll make arrangements for you to file mining claims so they’re accredited by the authorities. He’ll see that you’re licensed.”
“Are you sure he’s well enough to take that kind of time with me?”
“He’s going to be fine. He just can’t take the rigors of such a long trip and exposure to so many germs.”
“How can he get a license for me?”
“He was a geologist for the government in 1844. Then he worked for a private company and wrote the first contract on the copper fields in Michigan,” she told him.
“So he has agreeable government friends,” Steve concluded.
Mary nodded. A sound at the door brought her to her feet. “Here’s Epifanio!” She ushered her husband into the room. “He loves our baby, Epi!”
The men shook hands, greeted each other, and Epifanio spoke up.
“Of course, your attention to Pedro makes you special,” he said, grinning. “I suppose Mary’s talked you into joining us?”
“With temporary reservations. I’ll have to speak with Joab and see what I might be expected to do.”
“I hope she’s told you we’ll be meeting the wagons of the new Arizona administration in Santa Fe,” Epifanio told him. “You can travel to the new mines with their military protection.”
“That’s quite agreeable with me,” Steve answered.

###

A few hours with Joab Bernard convinced Steve the offer was indeed a stroke of the greatest fortune. Joab’s maps and instructions were carefully detailed and his information was current. Moreover, Joab’s associates were men of means and unassailable reputation. There were two hurdles to cross: learning the language of the new field, and convincing Sallie that the reward would be worth the separation.
The next day he traveled to Sallie’s home with news of the offer.
“We’ve just been given the opportunity of a lifetime, my love,” he told her excitedly. He kissed her and twirled her in a circle around him.
“What in the world is it?”
“Joab Bernard wants me to register his New Mexico mines so that shares can be sold.”
“How on earth can you do that?”
“He’s teaching me what to do, sharing his maps and documents, and arranging for my license himself.”
She paused to consider the meaning of the offer. “Why would he do such a thing?”
“Because he’s not well and can’t do it himself. Someone must go to New Mexico and declare the matter with the local authorities as well as federal agencies.”
He watched her expression change.
“That means we’ll be completely separated!”
“I don’t have to stay, Sallie,” he reminded her.
“If he wants you to go, there must be no one else there who can do it.”
“That’s possible.”
“There aren’t any mines here in Missouri, so that ability won’t serve you here. If there are other mines there, other mine owners may want you to stay and work for them as well.”
“That may be true, but I’d have to see the mines first to judge their value.”
“How would you be paid for other mines?”
“If the mines are started by men with little means, they must find a wealthy backer.”
“And if they don’t?”
“They can ask the lawyer to take a risk, write a contract to accept some shares, and get paid a percentage of what comes in later.”
“Do you think you might want to stay?”
“It depends on many things. I’ll have to look things over. If there’s little competition, it might be worth it.”
“I can’t go. You know I have a contract to teach this year,” she told him.
“I understand, my love.” He held her tightly. “The last thing I want to do is leave you.”
“When do you have to go?”
“Mary Bernard’s husband, Epifiano Aguirre, is leaving with his family wagon train in three days. I can escape the guerrillas who’ll be looking for me. I’ll be disguised and earn my travel money by going as a teamster.”
“Yes, you must go. Great things never happen without great sacrifice.”

YANKEE GOLD PROLOGUE - Part One



Steve awoke, startled. Something was wrong. It was still dark and he could hear a horse pawing the ground by the front steps. He rose, throwing on his coat and boots. When he opened the door he could barely see John in the darkness, saddling up on Molly’s back.
“John!” he shouted. That’s Pap’s best horse! Get down from there!” He stepped closer, taking Molly’s reins.
“I’m not changing my mind,” John told him. “I’m joining Pap. There’s Union Redlegs, Hessians in Cass County burning homes. I won’t stay and listen to your Yankee drivel. Let go the reins!”
“You’re just a boy. You don’t know what you’re doing. You’ll get yourself killed.”
“What I’m doing! How about you? Teaching those Rebel boys over at Pleasant Hill. I don’t want any part of your business. At least Ma’s safe here at home.”
“I’m not trying to change the boys’ opinions about the war. They need an education.”
“Oh, yes you are. You’ve tried it here at home. You’ve turned against everyone who cares about you – with all your educated ideas. Pap knows you don’t approve of his saloon. He left ‘cause you’ve gotten too high and mighty for us all.”
Steve stepped back, unable to conceal his shock.
John put his boot on Steve’s chest and shoved him away. He grabbed the reins as Steve fell back, and spurred Molly forward.
Steve watched them vanish into breaking dawn. John was headed Southeast for Price’s army at Blue Springs.
Inside, his mother had dressed. She held Pap’s letter in her hands. She turned away to hide the tears and tried to move her wheelchair into the kitchen. Steve gave her his handkerchief and kissed her softly on the cheek.

###

Steve finished his exam in Columbia. He was confident the results would meet his expectations. He could visit Sallie en route to Kansas City. He intended to return first to the Cass County school for his belongings. He could then prepare applications for employment. He couldn’t tell anyone of his secret Union enlistment. The terms included an assignment to eavesdrop among his students, hoping for clues to the locations of their guerrilla hide-outs. He was to report these to Union headquarters. At least six of the young men in his school belonged to Quantrill’s band, raiding with him at night and on weekends. At first, he’d resisted the scheme to track them, but finally realized it could save lives and reduce mayhem.
After the exam, a sudden sense of control returned. He felt as though a great weight had been lifted from him. Confidence buoyed, he set out for Pleasant Hill alone. Halfway there, he recognized a path beside a broken split rail fence. It was a narrow road to an abandoned farmhouse, which he’d been told Quantrill’s men often used as a meeting place. Perhaps twenty yards beyond the fence line he saw a break in the underbrush, and a large oak tree a little farther on. Thinking to find a good vantage point, he entered the scrub. There might be some sign of Cole Younger and the raiders.
“You there!” called a voice behind him. “Halt and dismount. Don’t turn around.”
Suddenly three men stepped out from the other side of the oak tree. They held cards and were dressed in disheveled Union uniforms.
“Look a here,” one said, spitting tobacco toward Steve’s boot as he approached.
“As I live and breathe!” said the tallest of the three. “If it ain’t a dandy out here in the canebrake.”
The unseen man behind Steve poked him with a rifle, then came around to look directly at him.
“What’s your business in this thicket?” he asked. “Thinkin’ to spy on soldiers’ whereabouts?” He peered at Steve through filthy spectacles and the wart on his nose nearly overpowered the yellow scum on his teeth. He felt a cloth being tied over his eyes and behind his head.
There was no escape. Just short of the campsite he heard the sound of many men moving about and talking in lowered voices.
“Kneel!” his captor commanded, whacking the back of Steve’s knees with something heavy. He tumbled forward and struggled to rise. Nearby, a familiar voice gave his name.
“That’s my old schoolteacher, Steve Elkins!”
It was the voice of Bertie Ketchem, a rowdy teenage miscreant who covered a broad circuit in his district. The criminal prodigy was also one of Steve’s some-time students.
Steve felt Ketchem’s rifle smack him across the face, and fell senseless. When he awoke, blood trickled from his nose and down the side of his face. He heard another familiar voice cursing his abuser. They took the blindfold away.
“You little half-wit, you god-damned lazy son-of-a-bitch! That man’s the most decent person you’ll ever know.” The man knocked Ketchem to the ground and punched him several times before another man came along to intercede.
Steve’s defender was Cole Younger, another student of his. Cole and his family were friends and Cole’s mother had begged Steve’s mother to have him find her son.
A crowd gathered around the scene. Someone came up from behind and ordered them away.
“What’s going on here?” the stranger asked.
Cole spoke first. “This here upstart tried to batter a hostage I know to be a loyal Rebel. Jake and the boys on sentinel brought him in on your alert, sir.”
“Are you sure he’s a genuine Confederate?” the man asked.
Steve recognized him as he leaned toward his face to examine him. It was Quantrill himself.
“His father and brother are both at Blue Springs with General Price,” Cole explained. “He’s stayed home with his mother who’s in a wheelchair.”
“That’s Steve Elkins, our teacher and a Yankee snitch. Everyone down home knows it,” Ketchem wailed.
“The dirty little bugger is no better’n a liar and a guttersnipe!” Cole said of Ketchem. “Pay him no mind.”
“What are you doing here?” Quantrill asked.
“I’m going to school for my belongings,” he answered.
“And then where will you go?”
“Home to my family who depend on me to survive.”
“Swear you’re true to the Confederacy, young man, and you can go,” Quantrill told him.
“As true as can be, I swear!” Steve answered.
“Now say you hate the Union and would give your life to see it burn!”
“I would give my life to see the Union burn,” Steve told him, biting his lip and clenching his fists in pain.
“Now you’ve done right by your brother and father, you can go,” Quantrill told him. “But I better not learn otherwise or my men will find you wherever you are. And they’ll give you a painful parting from this world.”

###

Safely at home once more, he doctored his injuries and claimed he had fallen from the back of a wagon. It was time now to visit Sallie in Wellington. He would travel with others to ensure his safety.
When he arrived in Wellington, it was a warm August day. He and Sallie left the house to walk in the garden where the scent of mock-orange filled the air.
“I can stay a few hours,” he told her, “but I must take mother to an appointment tomorrow.” He drew her to him and kissed her. When he let go, he removed the net covering her golden hair. He smoothed its silken gloss with his hands, gratified by the sensation.
“Our time together has been too short, Steve,” Sallie said, lips trembling. “How long will it be until we’re married?”
He struggled for words. “There has to be a way for me to start a practice despite the war.”
“What are you considering? Has anyone offered to apprentice you?”
“Not yet. The war retards business and attorneys suffer,” he explained. “As soon as I get my papers, I’ll send out letters.” They sat down together on a bench.
She looked at him so trustingly. Her hands rested in her lap, fingers interlaced between her open hands in a gesture she often used to question him. He recalled how he’d comforted her when her father died. He couldn’t disappoint her now.
“Try not to worry about John, Steve. Your dad will watch over and guide him. He’s seen service in the Seminole wars and will have his preference as to where John’s assigned. Your father will see that he’s kept in the back lines, away from the fighting, if there is any.”
“You mean, if John agrees to it. He’s stubborn, and fighting Union soldiers is not like Indian wars.”
“At least war can’t break out here.”
“That’s not a certain thing,” Steve cautioned.
“What do you mean? Do you know something else?”
He shook his head and looked away.
“What is it? Do you suspect something like another battle?”
“Don’t trouble yourself with things no one can anticipate.” He took her in his arms and kissed her. “I won’t let the war hold us back. I’ll find a way to make a good living, and soon. I know I can’t depend on Pap to help me or the boys. He’s wasted everything Grandpa left us. I’ll have to help all of us.”
“Whatever happens,” Sallie said, “it will be all right. I’ll always be here for you, my darling.” She held him, placed a hand behind his neck and drew him close. “I’ve saved money for us to live on.”
He held her against him, longing for her. There had to be a route out of the chaos of this violent and ungodly division called war. When would the senseless killing end and normal life resume? He couldn’t tell Sallie all able bodied loyal Union men were ordered to enlist and join Colonel Buel as part of the state militia. He would sign the papers in Kansas City. It was time to take action.

###

It was August, and in Union blues the heat was oppressing. The soldiers trudged silently, following the lantern carriers and creaking artillery wagons in the dark. Steve carried the rifle he’d vowed never to hold. If the Rebels suffered for the likes of Quantrill and his raids, the Union likewise suffered the atrocities wrought by Captain Irvin Walley of the 5th Missouri Federal Militia. But Cole’s risk in saving his own life must be repaid. Walley’s murder of Cole’s father, his part in the destruction of Cole’s home and the terrorizing of Cole’s family, must not be allowed to drive Cole further into Quantrill’s outlaw designs.
Cole was reputed to be serving as courier to Rebel Colonel Upton Hayes. Cole sent an August 1 message to his mother through one of his brothers. Cole’s mother then sent it to Steve’s home. The letter arrived on August 12 as Steve traveled toward Springfield.
Colonel Hughes from Pea Ridge near Independence raised Rebel flag to taunt Colonel Buel. Men & ammunition needed. Contact Colonel Upton Hayes. Send help!
En route with several other men, Steve learned that Independence was taken by the Rebels. The same message reported that Quantrill was headed for the Lone Jack area where Confederate forces would connect with reinforcements from Arkansas. Steve and his Union companions joined Major Emory Foster’s troops. Others were ordered to wait for General Fitz Henry Warren and the 1st Iowa Cavalry to ensure their safety, as an attack was imminent.
An officer gave him the Union private’s uniform he wore at the outset of their platoon’s drive toward Lone Jack. They marched at the rear of Major Foster’s company. Union scouts revealed the enemy had 1600 men. Their own troops were composed of 800. Nevertheless, Major Foster followed orders. He opted for surprise and they routed the Confederate companies just north of Springfield. They withdrew to Lone Jack for their meeting with General Warren.
Late that night they set camp and heard Foster’s pickets reporting in the early morning. Fourteen hundred men under Colonels Upton Hayes and Gideon Thompson were just over the hill. There was no sign of General Warren. The sounds of battle came nearer and their company was ordered to fire.
Suddenly, a blast of cannon fire lit up the sky, spewing grapeshot pellets near their front line. Steve stood on a hilltop, overlooking cornfields and rock fences. The gunfire had ceased, but smoke filled the air. Bodies lay everywhere. Cries and moans came from the wounded. A little farther on and beyond a creek, a mass of mounted men had gathered.
A scout rode up to Foster’s front line. An officer turned and shouted back to the men. “Take cover! Here they come.”
Within moments enemy horsemen trampled the field before them, their mounts jumping over the dead and wounded, stumbling occasionally, the men’s cries of anger and revenge muffling the sounds of pain and artillery fire.
Steve crouched among his companions, his sweating hands scarcely able to hold his gun.
Horsemen flew over the first hedge and fell upon them, shouting and cursing. There were no Confederate regulars. Steve spotted their flag and recognized Quantrill’s Raiders. Their numbers had greatly increased. He nearly choked in horror to fire on friends and neighbors.
“Fire!” an officer shouted. He aimed and froze while the brittle shots of rifle fire cracked all around him. The first volley struck the raiders, bullets felling horses and riders. Men were crushed beneath the weight of their mounts, breaking bones, taking lead, screaming and dying in agony.
A bullet struck the man beside him, and Steve felt warm blood hit his cheek. He gasped and retched. The stink of gunpowder and sulfur glutted the atmosphere. A second volley broke the raiders’ charge and horses were wheeled around in retreat. It was over quickly, and orders were given to bivouac at Pleasant Hill. Steve lingered to walk the field and look for any sign of Cole’s body. As he searched, the medics picked among the bodies for those who could be saved. Finally, Steve gave up, found a horse and mounted to join the other Union men.
Confederate reinforcements arrived continuously and Steve learned the Union was surrounded. He and others of his company were ordered to take cover in a general store. He felt deathly tired and ill. Crouching beneath a window, he watched the Rebels advance.
Outside, the enemy traded rifles for shotguns and their popping sound was endless. Glass shattered in the store, and one of Steve’s companions fell near him. Pellets of shot and shards of glass struck his face and he clawed to remove the pieces. He sensed that death was near, and struggled to reload his rifle.
Fire and smoke concealed the movement of people in the street. It was unclear whether the moving bodies were civilians, enemy, or allies. Occasionally there would be a clearing. The first time the air cleared, he saw graycoats. Later, a soldier in blue wandered into the gunfire, dazed, missing his lower jaw, bloody threads hanging from his cheeks.
The Union cannon had held the Rebels at bay with deep, booming thuds, blasting their hiding places into pieces. Steve saw a Union officer ride up to the guns with a queer expression on his face. For a few moments the sound of the Confederate shotguns seemed to cease.
“Retreat! Pull back! We’re all lost! All’s lost!” the officer shouted before riding off. The men gave way, abandoning the guns.
Another officer rose up, his face bloody. “Men, you stay here!” A shot rang out and he grabbed his chest. The artillery line was broken and confused.
Graycoats came from all directions to seize the guns. The last cannon was captured and turned on the Union forces. The hotel beside the company store they hid in burst into flames, then came the sound of burning men as they ran screaming into the dusty street for relief. The fire burst through the building, blasting the ammunition inside.
When gunfire finally ended, the graycoats at last fell back. Steve heard the groans and moans of burned men dying. They lay in spasms on the ground, covering their faces and shuddering in pain. A lone surgeon ran about in the carnage, his hands dripping with blood.
An officer grabbed Steve by the shoulder and shook him. “Your commander has been killed, private, you’re with us now. More Confederates are coming from the north. We’re to retreat to Lexington.”
Steve gasped for breath and rose to fall in line. His hands had been gripping his rifle so tightly that when he tried to move them, he found they were numb. He fell into step with the others. As they made their way down an alley, he saw the small blackened corpse of Bertie Ketchem. The boy’s head had been bashed open by an artillery shot.
He left the fearsome sinkhole of Lone Jack behind – the sullen, angry hell of Missouri.


Fort Sumner

On October 31, 1862, Congress authorized the creation of Fort Sumner. General James Henry Carleton initially justified the fort as offering protection to settlers in the Pecos River valley from the Mescalero Apaches, Kiowa, and Comanche.



The fort was in charge of the Bosque Redondo Indian reservation on the Pecos River in eastern NM about 1867

Author's Journal: Resources Diaries and Personal Correspondence

 
Diaries can be the most important resource tool of the historical fiction writer. These personal accounts of the period you are writing about will make the era come alive to you. I urge you to seek them out as diligently as possible. They may turn up in the most unexpected places. I found one among a collection of accounts of frontier women’s experiences. I was browsing the books available on my general subject: New Mexico. These were for sale at my local book store and the collection was first printed in 1990, again in 1998. I didn’t find it until 2001. Its relevance to my book was crucial. It gave me my opening pages, the connection of my main character to his primary mentor, and several of his earliest experiences in New Mexico. That resource didn’t appear on the web until 2005.

When searching for personal accounts such as diaries and personal letters, you may try county records, local bookshops, yard sales, and auctions. Also, ask for such accounts through your state’s archives. Many families make such mementos available to university libraries and archives. Another extremely valuable account of my main character’s business partner came to me through NMSU’s archives. Evidence of my character’s annual retainer fee from a mining operation was confirmed in these papers.

Also, remember that if your character ever held office, especially one monitored by the federal government, there is a record of his/her papers you can trace and copy. This may be on microfilm, but it’s where I found the letters of my character to the Attorney General of the U. S. My character had been District Attorney for the 1st District of NM in the territorial period. I was unable to find almost any personal letter of my character, but at least I had his business letters over a three year period.